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1.
Kinesiologia ; 43(1): 31-40, 20240315.
Article in Spanish, English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1552599

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La percepción del dolor es un fenómeno complejo y subjetivo. Comprender los factores que afectan en la percepción del dolor es crucial en el contexto de la toma de decisiones clínicas durante el proceso de rehabilitación kinesiológica. Objetivo. Exponer los factores que afectan la percepción del dolor, desde la perspectiva del modelo biopsicosocial y discutir sus implicancias para la toma de decisiones clínicas. Métodos. Se describen factores que afectan la percepción de dolor, separados en biológicos como la injuria, sexo, genética y edad, psicológicos como creencias, catastrofismo, kinesiofobia, afectividad negativa, calidad de sueño, atención, afrontamiento y autoeficacia; y socio-culturales como soporte social, rol de género, etnia, aculturación y estatus socioeconómico. Luego se discute cómo estos factores impactan en las decisiones clínicas del profesional kinesiólogo. Finalmente, se entregará un análisis de las barreras y facilitadores descritos por la literatura científica respecto al uso del modelo biopsicosocial.


Background. The perception of pain is a complex and subjective phenomenon. Thus, understanding the factors that influence pain perception is crucial in the context of clinical decision-making during the kinesic rehabilitation process. The objective of this article is to expose the factors that affect the perception of pain, from the perspective of the biopsychosocial model and discuss its implications for clinical decision making during this process. Initially, the biological, psychological and sociocultural factors that affect the perception of pain with the greatest presence in the scientific literature are described. It is discussed how these factors impact the clinical decisions of the kinesiologist professional. Finally, an analysis of the barriers and facilitators described by the scientific literature regarding the use of the biopsychosocial model will be provided.

2.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 150(4): 532-540, abr. 2022. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1409823

ABSTRACT

This article briefly discloses what home hospitalization consists of, its different models of care, and the benefits and difficulties associated with it. We also describe the operation of the home hospitalization unit of the Padre Hurtado Hospital in Santiago de Chile and the role it took in the context of the first wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic, specifically between March and August of the year 2020. We aim to share our experience with this emerging form of hospitalization that is already working in Chilean public hospitals. We also hope that this hospitalization modality will continue to grow over the years.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pandemics , COVID-19 , Chile/epidemiology , Hospitalization , Hospitals, Public
3.
Rev. Méd. Clín. Condes ; 32(1): 105-111, ene.-feb. 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1412960

ABSTRACT

ANTECEDENTES: La pandemia global de COVID-19 llega al continente americano en marzo del año 2020 y en menos de dos meses reúne a más de la mitad de los casos a nivel global. OBJETIVO: Caso clínico de una mujer embarazada con una presentación crítica de COVID-19 y embarazo a las 25 semanas de gestación, en el contexto del peak de la pandemia en Chile en el otoño del año 2020. CASO CLÍNICO: El 20 de junio de 2020, una mujer de 34 años, con 25 semanas de embarazo, es trasladada desde Hospital de San Bernardo a Clínica Las Condes en Santiago, Chile, con un cuadro de 10 días de evolución de COVID-19, que evoluciona a una situación crítica con insuficiencia respiratoria severa. Ingresa a unidad de cuidados intensivos para ventilación mecánica. Las imágenes de radiología simple y de tomografía axial computarizada de tórax demuestran una neumopatía bilateral con imágenes características opacidades en vidrio esmerilado, asociado a engrosamiento intersticial, imágenes descritas previamente como características para COVID-19. La paciente permanece en unidad de cuidados intensivos en ventilación mecánica por siete días, con evolución favorable posterior, mejoría del cuadro séptico y alta después de 22 días de hospitalización. El parto ocurre en forma espontánea a las 38 semanas, la madre y el recién nacido evolucionan en buen estado general. El examen histopatológico placentario demuestra compromiso inflamatorio vellositario y los exámenes de anticuerpos en sangre del recién nacido demuestran la presencia de anticuerpos del tipo IgG e IgM. Se trata de uno de los pocos casos demostrados reportados de transmisión transplacentaria vía sanguínea de SARS-CoV-2 de la madre al recién nacido.


BACKGROUND: The global COVID-19 pandemic reaches the American continent in March 2020 and in less than two months it brings together more than half of the cases globally.OBJECTIVE: The clinical case of a 25-week pregnant woman with a critical presentation of COVID-19 and pregnancy at 25 weeks of gestation, is presented in the context of the peak of the pandemic in Chile in the fall of 2020. CLINICAL CASE: On June 20, 2020, a 34-year-old woman, 25 weeks pregnant, is transferred from Hospital de San Bernardo to Clinica Las Condes in Santiago, Chile, with a ten-day evolution of a COVID-19 that evolves to critical with severe respiratory failure. She is admitted to the intensive care unit for mechanical ventilation. Chest computerized axial tomography images demonstrate bilateral pneumopathy with characteristic images of ground-glass opacities, associated with interstitial thickening, images previously described as characteristics for COVID-19. The patient remains in the intensive care unit on mechanical ventilation for seven days, with subsequent favorable evolution, improvement of the septic condition, and discharge after 22 days of hospitalization. Delivery occurs at 38 weeks, the mother and the newborn evolve in good general condition. The placental histopathological examination demonstrates villous inflammatory involvement, and the newborn's blood tests show the presence of IgG and IgM antibodies. It is one of the few reported cases of transplacental transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from the mother to the newborn.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , COVID-19/complications , COVID-19/transmission , Placenta Diseases/etiology , Respiration, Artificial , COVID-19/diagnosis , COVID-19/therapy
4.
Ginecol. obstet. Méx ; 87(7): 475-482, ene. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1286646

ABSTRACT

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: El parto diferido o asincrónico ocurre cuando los fetos de un embarazo múltiple nacen con una diferencia de días o semanas. La finalidad es incrementar la edad gestacional del segundo gemelo y aumentar la tasa de supervivencia. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente primigesta de 39 años, con embarazo gemelar bicorial, biamniótico logrado mediante fertilización in vitro. En la semana 23 + 2 acudió a urgencias por sangrado vaginal y dolor abdominal. En la especuloscopia se observó líquido amniótico claro y dilatación cervical de 4-5 cm. El registro cardiotocográfico reportó dinámica uterina franca. En la ecografía se visualizaron dos fetos: el primero en presentación podálica sin latido cardiaco y el segundo en transversa con latido cardiaco. Después del nacimiento del primer gemelo se observó la retracción del cuello uterino y desaparición de la dinámica uterina. El estudio ecográfico mostró la bolsa amniótica íntegra, sin signos de desprendimiento placentario ni pérdida del bienestar fetal. Se propuso a la pareja la posibilidad de realizar un cerclaje cervical y diferir el parto del segundo gemelo, hecho que fue aceptado. Se consiguió prolongar la gestación del segundo gemelo 77 días, que nació mediante parto, sin morbilidad materna ni fetal. CONCLUSIONES: El parto diferido es una práctica adecuada para incrementar la tasa de supervivencia del feto o fetos retenidos. Los protocolos asociados con este tipo de partos son variados. Se requieren estudios adicionales para establecer los criterios de tratamiento de este tipo de partos.


Abstract BACKGROUND: Delayed Interval delivery or asynchronous birth is when a multiple pregnancy`s fetuses are not born simultaneously, and with several day´s difference between their births. This practice´s objective is to increase the second twin´s gestational age and, as such, improve its survival rate. CLINICAL CASE: A 39 years-old patient with bicorial biamniotic twin pregnancy achieved by in vitro fertilization. At 23 + 2 weeks of pregnancy assisted to Emergency service for vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain. In the speculoscopy a clear amniotic fluid and cervical dilation of 4-5 cm was observed. The cardiotocographic record reported frank uterine dynamics. In the ultrasound, two files are displayed: the first in the syntax presentation in the heartbeat and the second in the transversal with heartbeat. After the birth of the first twin, retraction of the cervix and the disappearance of uterine dynamics were observed. The ecological study showed the amniotic bag intact, without signs of placental detachment or loss of fetal well-being. It was proposed to the couple the possibility of performing the cervical fence and the other part of the second day, which was accepted. It was possible to prolong the gestation of the second year to 77 days, which was born through childbirth, without registering maternal or fetal morbidity. CONCLUSIONS: Delayed Interval delivery is a good practice to increase the survival rate of a retained fetus or retained fetuses. The protocols associated with this type of births are varied. Additional studies are required to establish treatment criteria for this type of births.

5.
San Salvador; s.n; 2015. 65 p. Tab, Graf, Ilus.
Thesis in Spanish | LILACS, BISSAL | ID: biblio-1222520

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Conocer la asociación entre el estado nutricional y la prevalencia de caries dental en niños y niñas de 4 a 6 años que asisten a Centros de Educación Parvularia San Benito y Hugo Lindo. Materiales y Método: El diseño corresponde a un estudio observacional descriptivo transversal para determinar la asociación entre el estado nutricional y la prevalencia de caries dental. El universo de estudio está conformado por 337 párvulos cuyas edades oscilan entre 4 y 6 años y que pertenecen a los Centros de Educación Parvularia San Benito y Hugo Lindo. Quienes presentan condiciones similares en cuanto a ubicación geográfica y condición socioeconómica. Para el presente estudio se incluyó la población total de párvulos; se consideró como variable independiente el estado nutricional y dependiente a la caries dental, para la captura de estos datos se utilizaron los índices antropométricos de Peso/Talla para la edad de 4 años y para las edades de 5 y 6 años el IMC/edad y el diagnóstico de caries según criterios ICDAS. Los diferentes datos a procesar se resumieron con estadísticos descriptivos, se analizaron con test de significación e inferencia estadística empleando el software SPSS v.18 y el software S-DENT desarrollado por el Centro de Investigaciones de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de El Salvador. Resultados: Refiriéndonos al estado nutricional podemos destacar que, de la población en estudio, el mayor porcentaje se encontraba en un estado nutricional normal con un 73.6 % y el 26.4 % restante distribuido en los grupos de desnutrición, desnutrición severa, sobrepeso y obesidad. La población en estudio presentó una prevalencia de caries dental correspondiente a un 64.1% y su mayor porcentaje se observó en el grupo nutricional normal, representado por un 74.5% y el menor en el grupo de desnutrición severa con un 1.4%. Conclusiones: Al realizar la asociación de estado nutricional con caries dental se reflejó una mayor prevalencia de caries dental en el grupo nutricional normal con un 74.5%. Se reflejó un mayor porcentaje de caries dental en el grupo de 4 años con un 82.1%. No se pudo precisar una asociación entre estado nutricional y la prevalencia de caries dental.


Objective: To know the association between nutritional status and the prevalence of tooth decay in children of ages from 4 to 6 years old who attend pre-school education centers San Benito and Hugo Lindo. Materials and method: The design is a cross-sectional descriptive observational study to determine the association between nutritional status and the prevalence of tooth decay. The study universe consists of 337 toddlers whose age is from 4 to 6 years old, attending pre-school education centers San Benito and Hugo Lindo. They present similar conditions: geographical location and socio-economic condition. For this study, the total population of toddlers was included. The independent variable was the nutritional status and the dependent one was tooth decay. For the collection of data, the anthropometric indices of weight/height were used for four-year-old toddlers, and for 5 and 6 years old the IMC/age and decay diagnosis according to ICDAS criteria were used. The different data to be processed was summarized with descriptive statistics. They were analyzed with significance test and statistical inference using the SPSS software v. 18 and the S-DENT software developed by the Research Center of the Dentistry School of University of de El Salvador. Results: Referring to the nutritional status, it is to be pointed out that out of the study population, the highest percentage had a normal nutritional status, 73.6% and the remaining 26% were distributed in groups of malnutrition, severe malnutrition, overweight, and obesity. The study population presented a prevalence of tooth decay corresponding to 64.1%, and its highest percentage was observed in the normal nutrition group, representing 74.5% and the minimum in the severe malnutrition group with 1.4%. Conclusions: In associating the nutritional status and tooth decay, a higher prevalence of tooth decay was observed in the normal nutritional group, 74.5%, reflecting the highest percentage with tooth decay in the four-year-old group, with 82.1%. It was not possible to associate nutritional state and prevalence of tooth decay


Subject(s)
Dental Caries , Child , Nutritional Status
6.
Biol. Res ; 32(2/3): 85-92, 1999. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-256397

ABSTRACT

Chronic intracortical perfusion of GABA (Gamma Amino Butyric Acid) and its subsequent withdrawal generates, the GABA withdrawal syndrome (GWS). This particular epileptic model has been observed in the motor cortex of monkeys and rats. Our purpose was to study the GWS in the motor cortex (MC), dorsal hippocampus (DH), and superior colliculus (CS). Thirty chronically-implanted adult Wistar rats were separeted into 3 groups of 10 (8 experimental and 2 controls). The first group received GABA in MC, the second in the DH and the third in the SC. GABA was released in doses of 10 to 60 mug/mul/h for 6 days employing osmotic mini-pumps. Two control rats per group received saline solution in the above-mentioned structures. Rats perfused in the MC showed GWS after interruption of the GABA flow. The group perfused in the DH showed paroxysmal discharges and epileptic seizures during perfusion. They also later showed GWS. No epileptic effects were observed in the SC-perfused group during either the GABA perfusion or during withdrawal. None of the six control animals showed epileptic effects. Our results show that the SC offers a strong resistance to GWS. This could be explained by the particular neuronal network structure of rat SC.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Rats , Epilepsy/chemically induced , gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/adverse effects , Substance Withdrawal Syndrome , Superior Colliculi/drug effects , Electroencephalography , Hippocampus/drug effects , Motor Cortex/drug effects , Rats, Wistar
7.
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